The ‘expanding Universe’ has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong

Because Hubble’s law and general relativity have been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong
------------------------------------------------ by Bingcheng Zhao

Related knowledge: the ‘expanding Universe’ has two pillars. One is Hubble’s law, which is the crucial observational evidence for ‘expanding Universe’; another is general relativity, which is the theoretical basis responsible for interpreting of ‘expanding Universe’.

Core reminding!!! Fact 1: Hubble’s law has been proven to be mechanistically and mathematically wrong (P. 735 ~ 751, Ch.6B, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz78.blogspot.com/ ). Fact 2: general relativity has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong (P. 399 ~ 444, Ch.4A, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz74.blogspot.com/ ). These two facts will be tangibly helpful to digesting and accepting another proven fact: the concept of ‘expanding Universe’ has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong ---- the central topic of 7.2, Ch.7A (P. 761 ~ 766, 7.2, Ch.7A, reference #2). <***> Related emphasis: in order to convince that ‘expanding Universe’ has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong, besides providing sufficient evidences, you have to be able to explain why overwhelming majority of stars in other galaxies are measured as redshift nearby the Earth ---- Yes, I do (P. 749 ~ 751, 6.14, Ch.6B, reference #2).

[*Three acronyms: (1) PBRDEL = postulate-based relativistic Doppler effect for light (i.e., Doppler effect for light). (2) MRRBL principle = the principle of Mechanism-Revealed Redshift and Blueshift of Light (P. 714 ~ 722, 6.5 and 6.6, Ch.6A, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz34.blogspot.com/ ). (3) EPBGR = Einstein’s postulate-based general relativity (i.e., general relativity) ---- note, Einstein’s general relativity is based on a series of assumptions and postulates (e.g., the postulate of equivalence principle), so its real name should be Einstein’s postulate-based general relativity].


The concept of ‘expanding Universe’ has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong with the following sufficient evidences (P. 761 ~ 766, 7.2, Ch.7A, reference #2). (1) Because Hubble’s law has been proven to be mechanistically and mathematically wrong (P. 735 ~ 751, Ch.6B, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz78.blogspot.com/ ), the so-called crucial observational evidence for ‘expanding Universe’ has utterly disappeared, i.e., Hubble’s law is not the valid observational evidence for ‘expanding Universe’. Specifically, the location of Earth in the Milky Way galaxy determines that the scales of length (space) and time nearby Earth are greater than in most star-occupied regions of the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies. As a result, the lights emitted from overwhelming majority of the stars in other galaxies are measured as redshifts on Earth. Hubble’s law via its based PBRDEL mistakenly interprets the observed redshifts of stars thus galaxies as these galaxies are receding from the Earth, consequently generating the so-called ‘expanding Universe’. (2) Because EPBGR has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong literally due to it utterly skipping over the mechanism thus essence behind its describing phenomena via the “help” of a series of postulates and assumptions (P. 399 ~ 444, Ch.4A, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz74.blogspot.com/ ), the so-called theoretical basis of ‘expanding Universe’ has actually collapsed, i.e., EPBGR cannot be the valid theoretical evidence for ‘expanding Universe’. Specifically, the root of ‘expanding Universe’ is EPBGR’s postulate of ‘invariant scales of length (space) and time’, and this postulate has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong (P. 419 ~ 426, 4.5, Ch.4A, reference #1). By contrast, the newly established and verified Mechanism-Revealed Gravitational Theory (MRGT) (P. 445 ~ 514, Ch.4B, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz20.blogspot.com/ ), along with the newly established Mechanism-Revealed Black Hole Theory based on MRGT (P. 541 ~ 548, 5.5, Ch.5B, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz28.blogspot.com/ , http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz29.blogspot.com/ ), reveals and quantifies that the space scale nearby massive astronomical objects is actually reduced significantly. However, with EPBGR’s postulate of ‘invariant scales of length (space) and time’, the space surrounding massive astronomical objects is incapable of containing the “extra” energy, consequently being ‘forced’ to be expanding, and cumulatively the so-called ‘expanding Universe’ is thereby created. (3) By combining the above two reasons, Hubble’s law mistakenly interprets the observed redshifts of stars thus galaxies as these galaxies are receding from Earth, and this interpretation happens to coincide with EPBGR’s wrong implication that the Universe is expanding via its mechanistically thus essentially wrong postulate. In other words, the so-called ‘expanding Universe’ turns out to be the joint product of wrong Hubble’s law plus wrong EPBGR. Therefore, the concept of ‘expanding Universe’ is mechanistically thus essentially wrong, i.e., mechanistically thus essentially the so-called ‘expanding Universe’ does not exist at all. Consequently, the concept of cosmological redshift is mechanistically thus essentially wrong accordingly, since it is utterly the product of ‘expanding Universe’ (P. 763 ~ 765, 7.2.4, Ch.7A, reference #2).

Simplified version: the concept of ‘expanding Universe’ has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong, for two decisive/key reasons. (i) As the consequence that Hubble’s law has been proven to be mechanistically and mathematically wrong (P. 735 ~ 751, Ch.6B, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz78.blogspot.com/ ), the so-called best observational evidence for ‘expanding Universe’ has utterly disappeared. This reason alone (and only this reason) is sufficient to show that the concept of ‘expanding Universe’ cannot be mechanistically thus essentially correct. (ii) As the consequence that EPBGR has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong (P. 399 ~ 444, Ch.4A, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz74.blogspot.com/ ), the so-called theoretical basis of ‘expanding Universe’ has literally become mechanistically thus essentially groundless. This reason alone (and only this reason) is sufficient to show that the concept of ‘expanding Universe’ cannot be mechanistically thus essentially correct either. The above two reasons jointly determine the undeniable fact: the concept of ‘expanding Universe’ is mechanistically thus essentially wrong.


The key to understanding of the proven fact that ‘expanding Universe’ is mechanistically thus essentially wrong: (1) knowing of the proven fact that Hubble’s law has been proven to be mechanistically and mathematically wrong (P. 735 ~ 751, Ch.6B, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz78.blogspot.com/ ), simply because Hubble’s law is the crucial observational evidence for ‘expanding Universe’. (2) Knowing of the proven fact that general relativity has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong (P. 399 ~ 444, Ch.4A, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz74.blogspot.com/ ), simply because general relativity is the theoretical basis responsible for interpreting of ‘expanding Universe’. (3) Knowing of the well-known and undeniable fact: modern physics does not and cannot solve the fundamentally important problem of why time and space are variable thus relative in gravitational field, because the so-called ‘expanding Universe’ is ultimately the product of modern physics unable to know why time and space are variable thus relative in gravitational field.

Available clues can be helpful to digesting and accepting the proven fact that ‘expanding Universe’ is mechanistically thus essentially wrong. Clue 1: the factual evaporation of gravitational redshift over the vastness of the Milky Way galaxy and the Universe within the paradigm of modern physics (including astronomy) will substantially help you digest and accept the proven fact that ‘expanding Universe’ is mechanistically thus essentially wrong. Clue 2: the actual evaporation of gravitational redshift over the vastness of the Milky Way galaxy and the Universe within the paradigm of modern physics (including astronomy) will constantly remind you that ‘expanding Universe’ cannot be mechanistically thus essentially correct. Clue3: the newly revealed mechanism behind universal gravitational constant G, which is that the value of G is and represents the reduction in the scales of space and time occurring in gravitational field (P. 505 ~ 509, 4.16, Ch.4B, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz26.blogspot.com/ ), will be concretely helpful to understanding of the proven fact that the so-called ‘expanding Universe’ is mechanistically thus essentially wrong, because the theoretical root of ‘expanding Universe’ is EPBGR’s postulate of ‘invariant scales of length (space) and time’.

The mechanistically thus essentially profound implications of ‘expanding Universe’ turns out to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong: (1) any so-called observational verifications or tests of ‘expanding Universe’ cannot be mechanistically thus essentially valid, because both Hubble’s law and EPBGR have been proven utterly skipping over the mechanism thus essence behind its describing phenomena. (2) Any so-called interpretations of ‘expanding Universe’ cannot be mechanistically thus essentially correct, because this sort of interpretations turns out to be merely the consequence of mechanistically thus essentially mistakenly interpreting observational or experimental results with Hubble’s law and EPBGR. (3) The Big Bang theory (BBT) is mechanistically thus essentially wrong accordingly, simply because the BBT is the consequence of extrapolating ‘expanding Universe’ (P. 766 ~ 772, 7.3.1, Ch.7A, reference #2).

The catastrophic consequences of not accepting the proven fact that ‘expanding Universe’ is mechanistically thus essentially wrong: (1) modern astronomy and cosmology will continue to be built upon the mechanistically and mathematically wrong foundation and paradigm of the so-called ‘expanding Universe’. (2) It is impossible to establish mechanistically thus essentially correct concept of time and space in the universe. (3) It is impossible to solve the fundamentally important problem of dark energy. Related information: the problem of dark energy has been completely solved, with the newly established and verified mechanism-revealed physics (P. 783 ~ 786, 7.6, Ch.7B, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz35.blogspot.com/ ).

12 pieces of related information: (1) Hubble’s law has been proven to be mechanistically and mathematically wrong (P. 735 ~ 751, Ch.6B, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz78.blogspot.com/ ). (2) General relativity has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong (P. 399 ~ 444, Ch.4A, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz74.blogspot.com/ ). (3) Doppler effect for light has been proven to be mechanistically and mathematically wrong (P. 722 ~ 732, 6.7, Ch.6A, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz77.blogspot.com/ ). (4) Discovering the principle of Mechanism-Revealed Redshift and Blueshift of Light (P. 714 ~ 722, 6.5 and 6.6, Ch.6A, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz34.blogspot.com/ ). (5) Establishing and Verifying Mechanism-Revealed Gravitational Theory (P. 445 ~ 514, Ch.4B, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz20.blogspot.com/ ). (6) Establishing Mechanism-Revealed Scales Relativity Theory (P. 133 ~ 147, Ch.1C, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz3.blogspot.com/ ). (7) Revealing the mechanism behind mass-energy equation (P. 114 ~ 118, 1.6, Ch.1B, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz2.blogspot.com/ ). (8) Special relativity has been proven to be mechanistically thus essentially wrong (P. 149 ~ 178, Ch.1D, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz73.blogspot.com/ ). (9) The law of object’s mass doing work (P. 93 ~ 109, Ch.1A, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz1.blogspot.com/ ). (10) The problem of dark energy has been completely solved, with the newly established and verified mechanism-revealed physics (P. 783 ~ 786, 7.6, Ch.7B, reference #2; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz35.blogspot.com/ ). (11) Revealing the mechanism behind universal gravitational constant G (P. 505 ~ 509, 4.16, Ch.4B, reference #1; http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz26.blogspot.com/ ). (12) Mechanism-Revealed Physics, Bingcheng Zhao (http://mechanism-revealedphysics-bcz71.blogspot.com/ ).


Reference #1: 2009, Bingcheng Zhao, From Postulate-Based Modern Physics to Mechanism-Revealed Physics [Vol. 1(1/2)], ISBN: 978-1-4357-4913-9.
Reference #2: 2009, Bingcheng Zhao, From Postulate-Based Modern Physics to Mechanism-Revealed Physics [Vol. 2(2/2)], ISBN: 978-1-4357-5033-3.

Ph.D., Bingcheng Zhao,
The author of “From Postulate-Based Modern Physics to Mechanism-Revealed Physics”
1401 NE Merman Dr. Apt. 703, Pullman, WA 99163 USA.
Email: bingcheng.zhao@gmail.com